Napoleon Bonaparte

Napoleon Bonaparte â€Å"The human race is administered by its creative mind. †(Napoleon Bonaparte)is This statement by Napoleon shows how he accepted that administration ought to be made by the voice of the individuals. Napoleon Bonaparte was an extraordinary pioneer of war for France, and managed as an equitable reformer. Since the time he was a child, Napoleon had incredible administration abilities, and an affection for the military. He was a brilliant understudy, and he examined the strategies of past rulers. Napoleon drove numerous extraordinary fights and won a large portion of them by changing the style of the army.His new strategies, administration aptitudes, and numerous triumphs drove him to be lauded by numerous individuals. This came about to him being delegated Consul of the French Republic and increasing political force. Napoleon Bonaparte was a vote based reformer since he conceded individuals rights dependent on the thoughts of the French Revolution, comprehen ded the significance of regular people, and his kin saw him as an incredible ruler. Napoleon Bonaparte was a ruler who conceded numerous rights and opportunities to his kin. A large number of his privileges depended on the French Revolution, for example, the possibility of equality.He accepted that all individuals ought to be dealt with reasonably regardless of what their identity is. This is appeared in report four, â€Å"No one ought to get exceptional treatment dependent on birth or fortune, and this arrangement of uniformity is the explanation that your English government loathes me so much†. Napoleon likewise accepted that improving training was significant, and that it would help present their nation. This conviction is appeared in archive two, â€Å"Of every one of our establishments government funded instruction is the most significant. Everything relies upon it, the present and the future†.He additionally allowed strict opportunity, annulled serfdom, and regar ded his kin. These opportunities are opportunities that a fair reformer would surely provide for his kin. Napoleon Bonaparte was a man who adored his nation and his kin which he appeared by giving them numerous rights and opportunities. Napoleon was a man who had confidence in his kin and got them. He essentially gave his kin correspondence since he saw how significant it was for a mind-blowing duration, particularly his adolescence. This is appeared in archive two, â€Å"Before I turned into a ruler, I was a subject, and before that I was a student.I can always remember how effectively the assessment of correspondence affected my psyche and energized my heart†. He told his regular citizens that he used to be one of them, and he realizes how intense life can get. Archive four shows how he accepts he can improve their lives, â€Å"I have consistently been of the sentiment that the sway should lay with the people†. A majority rule reformer would let his kin have a state in their administration which is actually what Napoleon did. He needed the most ideal for his kin. In contrast to a flat out ruler, he tuned in to what the individuals needed to state, and he put together the laws with respect to them.Napoleon Bonaparte was an understanding individual who helped the voice of the individuals be heard. In addition to the fact that Napoleon did such extraordinary things, yet his kin respected and applauded him as a ruler. Christians accepted that God had set him on Earth to run as their own advantage. This is appeared in archive ten, â€Å"God, who has created†¦ by stacking our head with endowments both in harmony and war, set up him as our sovereign and made him the specialist of his capacity and his picture on earth. † Many of his kin regarded him, and they had the option to list numerous positive things about Napoleon’s commitment to them.This is appeared in record ten, â€Å"Napoleon, our sovereign, love, regard, acquiescence, f idelty, military help, and the charges demanded for the conservation and resistance of the realm and of his throne†. Such acclaim for Napoleon by his kin plainly shows that what he does is for them which is a characteristic of a popularity based reformer. His approaches to associate and satisfy his residents unquestionably influenced the manner in which his kin consider him. Napoleon Bonaparte’s rights and thoughts dependent on the French Revolution, a solid comprehension of his kin, and his kin lauding him as an extraordinary individual all lead to the decision that he was a law based reformer.It is essential to recognize what his perspectives on government were and how they came about in light of the fact that we can relate it to administrations of today. Individuals can contrast how certain rights given with individuals can better their view on their administration. Furthermore, it is an approach to investigate Napoleon and his plans to introduce day government autho rities. With the entirety of this data, individuals can make numerous associations with present day government to other’s, for example, Napoleon’s. In general, Napoleon Bonaparte was an extraordinary law based reformer of the past of France. Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte â€Å"The human race is represented by its creative mind. †(Napoleon Bonaparte)is This statement by Napoleon shows how he accepted that legislature ought to be made by the voice of the individuals. Napoleon Bonaparte was an incredible pioneer of war for France, and controlled as an equitable reformer. Since the time he was a child, Napoleon had incredible authority abilities, and an affection for the military. He was a fantastic understudy, and he contemplated the strategies of past rulers. Napoleon drove numerous incredible fights and won the greater part of them by changing the style of the army.His new strategies, initiative aptitudes, and numerous successes drove him to be lauded by numerous individuals. This came about to him being delegated Consul of the French Republic and increasing political force. Napoleon Bonaparte was an equitable reformer since he allowed individuals rights dependent on the thoughts of the French Revolution, comprehended the sig nificance of regular folks, and his kin saw him as an incredible ruler. Napoleon Bonaparte was a ruler who allowed numerous rights and opportunities to his kin. Huge numbers of his privileges depended on the French Revolution, for example, the possibility of equality.He accepted that all individuals ought to be dealt with decently regardless of what their identity is. This is appeared in archive four, â€Å"No one ought to get unique treatment dependent on birth or fortune, and this arrangement of equity is the explanation that your English government abhors me so much†. Napoleon likewise accepted that improving training was significant, and that it would help present their nation. This conviction is appeared in record two, â€Å"Of every one of our organizations state funded instruction is the most significant. Everything relies upon it, the present and the future†.He likewise allowed strict opportunity, abrogated serfdom, and regarded his kin. These opportunities are opportunities that a just reformer would surely provide for his kin. Napoleon Bonaparte was a man who adored his nation and his kin which he appeared by giving them numerous rights and opportunities. Napoleon was a man who had faith in his kin and got them. He principally gave his kin correspondence since he saw how significant it was for an incredible duration, particularly his youth. This is appeared in archive two, â€Å"Before I turned into a ruler, I was a subject, and before that I was a student.I can always remember how capably the opinion of uniformity impacted my psyche and energized my heart†. He told his regular people that he used to be one of them, and he realizes how extreme life can get. Archive four shows how he accepts he can improve their lives, â€Å"I have consistently been of the supposition that the sway should lay with the people†. A majority rule reformer would let his kin have a state in their administration which is actually what Napoleon did . He needed the most ideal for his kin. In contrast to a flat out ruler, he tuned in to what the individuals needed to state, and he put together the laws with respect to them.Napoleon Bonaparte was an understanding individual who helped the voice of the individuals be heard. In addition to the fact that Napoleon did such extraordinary things, yet his kin appreciated and adulated him as a ruler. Christians accepted that God had set him on Earth to manage as their own advantage. This is appeared in report ten, â€Å"God, who has created†¦ by stacking our head with endowments both in harmony and war, built up him as our sovereign and made him the operator of his capacity and his picture on earth. † Many of his kin regarded him, and they had the option to list numerous positive things about Napoleon’s commitment to them.This is appeared in archive ten, â€Å"Napoleon, our head, love, regard, acquiescence, fidelty, military help, and the expenses demanded for the pro tection and resistance of the domain and of his throne†. Such recognition for Napoleon by his kin unmistakably shows that what he does is for them which is a characteristic of a popularity based reformer. His approaches to interface and fulfill his residents unquestionably influenced the manner in which his kin consider him. Napoleon Bonaparte’s rights and thoughts dependent on the French Revolution, a solid comprehension of his kin, and his kin lauding him as an extraordinary individual all lead to the decision that he was a popularity based reformer.It is imperative to realize what his perspectives on government were and how they came about on the grounds that we can relate it to legislatures of today. Individuals can contrast how certain rights given with individuals can better their view on their administration. Furthermore, it is an approach to thoroughly analyze Napoleon and his plans to introduce day government authorities. With the entirety of this data, individ uals can make numerous associations with present day government to other’s, for example, Napoleon’s. Generally speaking, Napoleon Bonaparte was an incredible law based reformer of the past of France. Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte is one of the most influential people ever. He was an incredible trooper, an unmatched strategist and a gifted manager. His fascism and heartlessness drove him to his reasoning that he couldn't take the blame no matter what. As a youngster, he developed in a progressive time that allowed him the chance to turn into an achiever. His first military open door came when he turned into the chief at the attack of Toulon. Here, he had the option to hold onto essential posts even besieged

Personal statement (uni application) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

(uni application) - Personal Statement Example The mixes of these components in a structure give it uniqueness. Inside structure tries to mirror the tasteful estimation of things in the earth. Actually think there is something else entirely to inside plan than gaining the ideal craftsmanship piece or picking the most shading palette. It requires ability and accuracy in understanding a customers plan needs. Crafted by an inside planner ought to at last give any space reason and classy worth. Inside plan is human-focused. It requires interview with both the customer and the modeler to have an away from of the proposed space for structuring. Moreover, there is a whole other world to inside plan than making spaces appealing. The inside originator includes practical worth and makes proficiency and security to a region to improve the nature of the working and living milieu. Guaranteeing amicability with the standards of configuration adds up to the achievement of inside plan. The standards of inside plan are solidarity, balance, extent, accentuation, closeness, difference, and chain of importance. Equalization guarantees balance in a structure that might be even or hilter kilter. Principally, any structure plan should have solidarity in the entirety of its components. The inside fashioner must make a structure by alluding to the most essential parts first in a hierarchal procedure. Scale underscores on the size of the things being referred to. A point of convergence ought to consistently overwhelm the structure with both differentiation and extent. Intertwining comparability and differentiation give a charm of life and fervor to a structure. In rundown, the explanation I like inside structure, is that from my youth days, I have consistently cherished plans in rooms and the practical worth that it adds to a chamber. I am enthusiastic about planning rooms with the goal that they become increasingly proper for the reason. I have to expand my aptitudes and include more information in the subject as I seek after a profession in inside plan. Inside structure is characteristic and has a lifetime consequence on the lives of everybody in

Spending the F.A.T. with Arthur Ganson

Spending the F.A.T. with Arthur Ganson News flash: Thanksgiving vacation is over. I spent my three days at home eating, ice skating, eating, shopping, eating, and watching movies. At the time, I knew that two actions were notably absent from my list of activities “studying” and “sleeping.” Unfortunately, I have a test tomorrow and I had two problem sets due yesterday, so my so-called fun-filled holiday was slightly marred by the stress that I knew I should have been working…and catching up on sleep. Up until this morning, I had only regretted not spending more time doing work. That is, until I scanned the front page of The Tech, MIT’s major newspaper, and saw a picture from an event called Friday After Thanksgiving (F.A.T.), sponsored by the MIT Museum. Here’s the photo and caption: “A graduate from Emmanuel College, Dave Kemp sets up his Rube Goldberg-like ‘Toy Land’ contraption for the MIT Museum sponsored Friday After Thanksgiving (F.A.T.) ‘Chain Reaction’ event. MIT students and Arthur Ganson, a kinetic sculptor and renowned chain reaction creator, connected all the devices together into one grand chain reaction. The event was held in Rockwell Cage on Friday, Nov. 24.” I can’t believe I missed an opportunity to build something that would grace the presence of Arthur Ganson! (http://www.arthurganson.com/) Arthur Ganson is an “artist-in-residence” at MIT and some of his pieces are on display at the MIT Museum. His machines are incredible feats of creativity that combine art, engineering, and comedy. I’m a huge fan, I even joined MIT’s Hobby Shop to try my hand at kinetic sculpture, but I haven’t gotten past the design phase yet. =( Here were the guidelines for the event: * Your link in the chain reaction should be no wider that 2, no taller than 4, and no longer than 6, should use no chemicals (baking soda and vinegar OK), no plug-in electricity (batteries and low-power DC OK), or use more than a cup of water. * Your link must BEGIN and END by a string pull. Be sure that it takes no more force than the hanging weight of a golf ball moving 1 to start your link and ends by pulling a string AT LEAST 1 with enough force to lift a golf ball. * Your link must be repeatable. * Test your chain reaction before bringing it to the event. * Make your event last AT LEAST 30 seconds and end in LESS THAN three minutes. Give your audience time to enjoy your event, be it funny, playful, clever, whimsical, or elegant. To watch some videos of his creations, go to: http://www.ebaumsworld.com/tags/arthur-ganson/. His website has a lot of great pictures as well. I’d encourage all of you to visit the MIT Museum and see his work in person. Heres one of his inventions (taken from his website):

Elements Of Chivalry In The Knights Tale - 1078 Words

In Geoffrey Chaucer’s poem, The Knight’s Tale, the author encapsulates chivalrous characteristics in his telling of a battle for love. In its fundamental form, chivalry idealizes a knight’s conduct, both on and off the battlefield (Gregory-Abbott). Chaucer employs this â€Å"heroic code [of] bravery, loyalty, and service to ones lord† to illustrate the idillic knight throughout the narrative (Rossignol). Chaucer’s poem, The Knight’s Tale, exhibits the ideals of chivalry in the form of two knights, desperately in love with the same woman, and a wise Duke who embodies the voice of reason. Each knight upholds honor through compassion, troths, and heroism on the battlefield, despite their afflictions with each other. A so-called perfect knight†¦show more content†¦Palamon, weak and unprepared for a duel, receives Arcita’s mercy which gives him an honest opportunity to fight for Emily’s love. Arcita’s chivalrous natur e allows him to suppress his impulse for combat and instead â€Å"[pledge] his honour to return† the next day with armor and weapons for Palamon (Chaucer 42). An honorable knight mercifully insures a fair battle against his weaker enemy, as Arcita does in regards to Palamon. Once returned with armor for Palamon, the fighting ensues amidst the feuding cousins. Before their dispute concludes in death, the wise knight, Theseus, along with his wife and Emily, the cause of the knights’ quarrel, happen upon them in the grove. Although both former prisoners, and one forever exiled from the land of Athens, Arcita and Palamon truthfully reveal their identity and the motivation behind their duel as â€Å"chivalry [requires] knights†¦to swear loyalty to their superiors† (Thierry). Arcita and Palamon, with all loyalty to the Duke, unveil their true identities, a brave act of chivalry that nearly results in the execution of the devoted knights. Theseus, moved with com passion at the plea of the two women, pardons both Arcita and Palamon, knowing that only those in love â€Å"can be called a fool† (Chaucer 46). Theseus’ amnesty emulates the â€Å"ideal chivalric knight,† one who â€Å"[is†¦] compassionate [and] just†¦to those in distress† (Thierry). InShow MoreRelatedThe Canterbury Tales, written by Chaucer, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, written by an1600 Words   |  7 PagesThe Canterbury Tales, written by Chaucer, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, written by an anonymous author, are both sophisticated fourteenth-century examples of medieval romance. Medieval romances captured the heart of their audiences as narratives and stories that featured a protagonist, often a knight, and dealt with religious allegories, chivalry, courtly love, and heroic epics. The concept of the knight emerged from the remnants of the Anglo-saxon literature and ideals and influence of theRead MoreCourtly Love in The Knigh ts Tale and The Wife of Baths Tale1353 Words   |  6 PagesCanterbury Tales. Through the use of satiric elements and skilled mockery, Chaucer creates a work that not only brought courtly love to the forefront of medieval society but also introduced feministic ideals to the medieval society. At times, Chaucer even makes readers question his beliefs by presenting contrasting elements of principle in The Knight’s Tale and The Wife of Bath’s Tale, both tales told in his profound, multifaceted The Canterbury Tales. Many tales of courtly love are also tales of chivalryRead MoreAnalysis Of The Knight And His Tale2835 Words   |  12 PagesAnalysis of the Knight and His Tale in The Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales, a poem consisting of several tales told by various pilgrims, is perhaps the most well known work of Geoffrey Chaucer. The Canterbury Tales Chaucer introduces the pilgrims in the general prologue many of the pilgrims in a satirical manner. In prologue to The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer introduces the Knight as â€Å"a true perfect gentle-knight,† (5) who exemplifies the code of chivalry. The tale that the Knight later narratesRead MoreKnights Of The Middle Ages1692 Words   |  7 PagesThe word ‘chivalry’ originates from the Old French word chevalerie which can be translated to â€Å"skill in riding a horse†. Only the men who could skillfully control the strength and speed of a horse were likely to survive in combat. Over time the word came to stand for much more, in particular, a code of behavior, conduct and ethics to which all knights were held. These knights were bound by a code of honor. Each knight had to swear that he wou ld defend â€Å"the weak, the poor, widows, orphans, and theRead MoreA Hero s Comedic Tale879 Words   |  4 PagesA Hero’s Comedic Tale The epic poem, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, presents the typical medieval hero going on a ridiculous quest. Gawain exemplifies the five principles of chivalry as he addresses each challenge on his journey, making him a true hero. However, the tale places this serious hero in an absurd situation, illustrating the comical elements the poem holds as well. The measure of an honorable hero in medieval romances is his ability to follow the chivalric code. Five characteristicsRead MoreThe Sincere Hero And His Comedic Predicament936 Words   |  4 PagesPredicament The epic poem, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, presents the typical medieval hero going on a ridiculous quest. Gawain exemplifies the five principles of chivalry as he addresses each challenge on his journey, making him a true hero. However, the tale places this serious hero in an absurd situation, illustrating the comical elements the poem holds as well. The measure of an honorable hero in medieval romances is his ability to follow the chivalric code. Five characteristics are typically namedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sir Gawain And The Green Knight804 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many elements that are used to classify medieval literature. Beside the obvious association to the medieval time period, the writings contain unique aspects that create the iconic medieval tale. Characters within medieval romances are larger-than-life, courageous, and noble. The people of the Middle Ages openly received each of these traits, because of the importance they put on acts of nobility and chivalry. The themes of medieval stories were based on beliefs or ideas, expressed by theRead MoreEssay about Chaucers Use of Courtly Love856 Words   |  4 Pageswill never be accepted by his love; therefore, she is worshiped at a distance. Elements of courtly love can be seen in both The Book of the Duchess and The Knights Tale. In The Book of the Duchess the Black Knight represents the courtly love character, who falls hopelessly in love with Lady White. Following the courtly love tradition, Lady White becomes the most important thing in the Black Knights life. He describes her as the one true love that struck his eye with utter beauty.Read MoreThe Heroic and Honorable Knight in The Canterbury Tales Essay1060 Words   |  5 Pagesand over exaggerated fiction novels. When medieval knights roamed the earth, it was known that they were only human and, like humans, had faults. These knights did not always live up to the standards designated by society. However, in The Canterbury Tales, the knight is revealed as a character that would now be considered a knight in shining armor, a perfect role model in how he acts and what he does. Modern day people see them as chivalrous figures instead of their actual role as mounte d cavalry soldiersRead More Chaucers Canterbury Tales - Idealism in the Knights Tale Essay1663 Words   |  7 PagesIdealism in the Knights Tale      Ã‚   Despite its glorified accounts of the chivalrous lives of gentlemen, the Knight ¹s Tale proves to be more than a tragically romantic saga with a happy ending. For beneath this guise lies an exploration into the trifling world of the day ¹s aristocratic class. Here, where physical substance is superseded by appearance, reality gives way to disillusioned canon and emotion is sacrificed for honor. Naà ¯ve idealism emerges as the dominant characteristic of the

The Enron and Worldcom Scandals - 1009 Words

The Enron and WorldCom scandals Enron #1. The segment that put Enron in difficulties was the LJM1. That SPE was the worst of all four SPE’s. This one had no independant investor that could put up the 3% that they needed for the controlling investor, where CHEWCO would work as a counterparty accounting to the Ugt;Sgt; guidelines. Enron already owned 97% of CHEWCO, where if they had a controlling investor, the profits from CHEWCO would go directly to Enron’s assets. Later, they did not find a controller investor, and invented another SPE, which was LJM2. The problems in LJM1 still was there that affected LJM2. Arthur Anderson, the auditor for Enron, went ahead and approved of this SPE, knowing that the financial statements had†¦show more content†¦WorldCom #1. In the general ledger of WorldCom, they were supposed to reduce the line cost expense accounts and reducing- in accounts corresponding to the improper and false line cost expense in various reserve accounts. This would through off your balance sheet and your income statement, showing you made profits, which indeed, you never did. Later, the senior management would instruct that the line cost expenses are fraudulently be reclassified. By doing this, they had to adjust the schedules of certain Property, Plant and Equipment Capital expenditure accounts by increasing certain capital accounts for â€Å"prepaid capacity†. In the future periods, the increase of these certain accounts for â€Å"prepaid capacity† would then remain manipulation of choice by Ebbers, which would add to their profits. #3. WorldCom’s board of directors should have reduced the conflicts of interest, so they could exercise the fundamentals of ethics to the shareholder’s or company and to the public’s interest. They could have ensured that financial reported were accurate, complete, understandable, and transparent. The directors should have also ensured that the accounting standards were adequate to protect the investor’s interests. #4. Lay may never been an accountant, but a milkman, but he was assisted in all of these manipulation by his Chief financial officer and his Controller , which both men worked for ArthurShow MoreRelatedThe Enron and Worldcom Scandals875 Words   |  4 PagesE. Boos – Week 2 – Assignment February 17, 2013 The Enron and WoldCom Scandals ENRON 1. The segment of Enron’s operations that got them into difficulties had several parts. They published misleading financial reports. They could not meet their bridge financing commitment with Barclay Bank because outside investors were not found. Because of this, they restated activities of JEDI and Chewco SPEs so they could be retroactively consolidated into Enron’s accounts. The SPEsRead MoreAccounting Scandals. ENRON, WORLDCOM1894 Words   |  8 PagesENRON Enron shocked the world from being â€Å"America’s most innovative company† to America s biggest corporate bankruptcy at its time. At its peak, Enron was America s seventh largest corporation. Enron gave the illusion that it was a steady company with good revenue but that was not the case, a large part of Enron’s profits were made of paper. This was made possible by masterfully designed accounting and morally questionable acts by traders and executives. Deep debt and surfacing information aboutRead MoreFinancial Scandals Of Enron, Worldcom, And Tyco Occurred Risk Management1671 Words   |  7 PagesRisk Management After the major financial scandals of Enron, WorldCom, and Tyco occurred risk management became a high priority for companies. According to Brown, Steen, and Foreman (2009) risk management can be defined as the culture, processes, and structures that are directed towards taking advantage of potential opportunities while managing potential adverse effects† (p.547). To assist companies in the risk management process, companies are incorporating a risk management system, this helpsRead MoreEnron and Worldcom Case Study1225 Words   |  5 PagesEnron and WorldCom Case Study This report is based on the demise of Enron Corporation and WorldCom. Both the firms are demised due to the ethical lapses. These ethical lapses come into existence when managements of the firm, uses unethical practices to accomplish the goals of the firm. Maintaining financial and accounting standards in the business practices are necessary. The profession of accounting has become a mockery due to the accounting scandals that took place all over the world in theRead MoreEssay on The Consequences of Bad Business Decisions1304 Words   |  6 PagesIn todays world business is very competitive. To compete with other companys executives have turned to corrupt practices. Once respected businesses like Enron, WorldCom, and Arthur Anderson have been found deceiving there customers, stockholders, and employees. C.E.O.s try to achieve the American dream and pursue capitalism to its fullest potential. In doing so, business leaders have lost their values and ethics, and make bad business decis ions. The downfalls of a company are the consequence ofRead MoreCorporate Scandals And The Implact Of The Sarbanes Oxley Act1472 Words   |  6 PagesA LOOK AT CORPORATE SCANDALS AND THE IMPLACT OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 I. INTRODUCTION An economic boom filled with fraud, collapsed in the early 2000s with the unravelling of Enron in October 2001 followed by the implosion of WorldCom and many others big corporations. The downfall of these major companies led to a wide spread crisis of confidence in the financial markets. A crisis caused by executive greed was able to be magnified when the gatekeepers, the auditors, lawyers and analystsRead MoreThe Sarbanes Oxley Act Of 20021133 Words   |  5 Pagesdirectly affected by these scandals, many were indirectly affected as well due to the externalities caused by these greedy firms. The industry, for example, was to be untrusted. To try and instill trust back into customers, the Securities and Exchange Committee proposed and implemented a new law. This policy was put in place to regulate the accounting practices and to make them more honest. Titled the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (enacted just after the WorldCom scandal), basically set rules and regulationsRead MoreCorpora te Scandals And Allegations Of Fraud1111 Words   |  5 PagesCorporate scandals and accusations of fraud have amplified intensely over the last decade. The cost of fraud has reached over $400 billion dollars a year, not to mention the loss of investments and jobs. Corporation fraud involves creative, complex methods in which to overstate revenues, understate expenses, over value assets, and underreport liabilities. To hide financial problems, management will manipulate stock prices, minimize taxable income, and maximize compensation. â€Å"It s been my experience†¦Read MoreThe Sarbanes Oxley Act Summary And Introduction1714 Words   |  7 PagesReforms have been created to close the gap of corporate governance and financial reporting in order to prevent the reoccurrence of corporate scandals. Congress created a federal bill named the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act in July 2002 in response to the Enron and WorldCom scandals that introduced major changes to the regulation of corporate governance and financial practice in order to protect the interest of investors and the public (â€Å"Sarbanes-Oxley Act Summary and Introduction,† 2003). The Act is extensiveRead MoreEthics : Ethical And Ethical Considerations1741 Words   |  7 Pagescompany. For small business investors, creditors and managers being ethical is a simple way of staying out of trouble, and is easier to distinguish between right and wrong. WorldCom was one of the biggest telecommunication company that our world h as seen and also had one of the largest accounting frauds in history. WorldCom was a company that did not stay ethical in their ways of doing business. In accounting, the ethical consideration is honesty. You want to help your client to pay as little

Developing a Sustainable Procurement Policy Free Essays

Introduction The rising demand for greener, more environmentally friendly products and services has paved the way for sustainable procurement. In the field of operations management, ‘sustainable procurement has emerged as a way green the purchasing and supply process’ (Walker et al 2009, p.348). We will write a custom essay sample on Developing a Sustainable Procurement Policy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sustainable procurement means taking consideration sustainability issues in all procurement actions and processes. In its broadest sense, it encompasses the following aspects: (a) it means thinking carefully about what the organisation purchases; (b) purchasing only what the organisation needs; (c) purchasing products and services that have high environmental performance; and (d) taking into account the social and economic impacts of purchasing decisions (Sustainable Procurement Resource Centre 2012). According to Kennard (2006, p.1), ‘sustainable procurement is the process whereby economic development, social development and environmental protection are balanced against business needs.’ In simpler terms, sustainable procurement means carefully considering the impact of every purchasing decision on the environment and on society. The United Nations’ definition of sustainable procurement is similar to that of Kennard (2006). The UN (2010) defines procurement as sustainable if it is able to integrate requirements, specifications and criteria, which are compatible with and favourable towards the protection of the environment, promotes social progress, and supports economic development. Environmental aspect refers to the impacts of the product or service on the environment over the whole life-cycle (i.e. from cradle to grave). Social aspect deals with the effects of purchasing decisions on issues such as labour conditions, international equity in the distribution of resources, etc. Last but not least, economic considerations involve purchasing based on principles of best value for money, price, quality, availability and functionality. These can be achieved through resource efficiency, improving the quality of products and services, and by optimizing costs. For private business organisations engaging in sustainable procurement, it cannot be denied that that they are maximising net benefits both for themselves and the world at large (i.e. society and external environment). As such, businesses integrate cost considerations and the basic procurement criteria of price and quality, with sustainability impacts (usually evaluated in terms of quality consideration). The environmental, economic, and social factors that are part of sustainable procurement are known as the ‘triple bottom line’ or TBL (Meehan Bryde 2011). Despite the seemingly complicated requirements and processes involved for sustainable procurement, this is not meant to burden the market with additional obligations (UN 2010). Sustainable procurement is a well-defined strategy that can be phased gradually throughout the supply chain and the organisation’s business processes. When implemented effectively, sustainable procurement promotes dialogue and open communication between the suppliers, procurers, and management operations. Business Drivers for Sustainable Procurement There are several incentives for businesses to engage in sustainable procurement. One of the main drivers for sustainable procurement is due to its financial benefits. Sustainable procurement helps organisations to eliminate waste, be more energy efficient, reduce the company’s carbon foot print, and save money. Moreover, it can help to enhance the company’s image since this will have a positive impact on customers, especially as there is a rising demand for products and services that are produced in a more socially responsible and environmentally friendly way (CIPS 2012). Engaging in sustainable procurement also helps an organisation to establish a competitive advantage by improving competitiveness. Additionally, sustainable procurement will allow the company to comply with environmental legislation. Some organisations also aim to promote resource efficiency or increase their standing in sustainability rankings such as the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (Copeland 2012). This may be motivated by the company’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. Practicing sustainable procurement helps companies to achieve their CSR objectives. For instance, some sustainability programmes provide jobs by sourcing supplies locally, which in turn helps to develop the local economy. The company can also improve their ethical, health and safety standards by requiring suppliers to source raw materials in an ethical and responsible way (OPITO 2012). Kennard (2006) lists down the different benefits of sustainable procurement. These are also some of the main drivers that motivate businesses to practice sustainable procurement in their supply chain management and operations. Manage costs by implementing a more comprehensive approach to whole-life costing Improve internal and external standards via conducting performance assessments Compliance with environmental and social regulations or legislation Manage business risks Improve the company’s image and/or brands Develop a sustainable supply chain for the future Involve the local community A study conducted by Price Waterhouse Coopers and EcoVadis (2010), in collaboration with the INSEAD Social Innovation Centre quantified the value drivers associated with sustainable procurement policies. Through examining several case studies, the quantitative model was developed by analysing the three main drivers for sustainable procurement (i.e. cost reduction, risk reduction, and revenue growth) and their impacts on the company’s annual procurement expenditures, market capitalization, and revenue. These were then compared to the implementation cost of a sustainable procurement programme. The findings of the study show that the cost reduction impact of sustainable procurement outweighs the implementation costs, especially on categories where cost savings and sustainability benefits are aligned. This indicates that businesses engage in sustainable procurement because the value drivers that compel them to engage in sustainability are evaluated to be beneficial to their organi sations. Table 1. Analysis of the main drivers for sustainable procurement vs. impacts on company’s performance Source: Waterhouse Coopers and EcoVadis (2010) Evaluation of Case Studies on Sustainable Procurement In this section, two global multi-national companies are evaluated in terms of their sustainable procurement policies. These are AkzoNobel and IKEA. Case Study: AkzoNobel AkzoNobel is a one of the leading companies in the manufacture and supply of paints, coatings, and specialty chemicals. As of 2012, the company has revenue of ˆ15.7 billion and 57,200 employees in its global operations (AkzoNobel 2012). In 2008, AkzoNobel is the first company to combine its annual report and sustainability report into a single publication. This demonstrated that sustainability is a business case, instead of a novelty, which was an idea held by most companies. For its 2009 agenda, the company included as one of its priorities the achieving world class sustainability and safety. AkzoNobel won the ProcureCon award in 2008 for its leadership in sustainable procurement. AkzoNobel is also one of the top-ranked companies in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index and in 2012; it was evaluated as one of the global super-sector leaders in chemicals (Van Hoeven 2012; AkzoNobel 2012; Achilles 2008). Table 2. Assessment 2012 – Global Supersector Leaders (1) Source: Dow Jones Sustainability Index, Annual Review 2012 It is evident that AkzoNobel has embedded sustainability in its overall corporate strategy. The company manages sustainability by integrating it across the business and it is reviewed based on a balanced score card. In order to map out their sustainability achievements, AkzoNobel has developed a framework to assess the environmental, economical and social aspects of their operations. This framework has three levels: (Van Hoeven 2012; AkzoNobel 2012) Invent – to identify and manage areas that will provide long-term and sustainable opportunities for the company; work with customers and suppliers in delivering eco-premium solutions; and develop their people to lead and deliver innovative solutions Manage – to incorporate a strong sustainability component throughout the entire value chain; work in partnership with suppliers to ensure business integrity and help deliver sustainable value to the customers; optimise processes, improve yields and improve energy efficiency Improve – to improve in meeting compliance especially in the following areas: Integrity management; heath, safety, environment and security management; Product stewardship; and Employment practices. Figure 1. AkzoNobel’s Sustainability Framework Case Study: IKEA IKEA is a global retail powerhouse in the home furnishings sector with over 338 stores worldwide. As of 2012, the company has a sales turnover of ˆ27.5 billion and 154,000 workers in its global operations. IKEA’s business idea is supported by its vision of offering well-designed, functional, and low-priced home furnishing products. The company makes its products affordable so as to enable many people to afford them (IKEA 2012). IKEA’s business units have integrated sustainability in their business plans and managers are responsible for achieving the company’s sustainability targets. To support its sustainability objectives, the company has employed social and environmental specialists with expertise in a wide range of areas. IKEA stores and distribution centres also have social and environmental coordinators to provide training and monitor working conditions, safety, waste management, and water and energy conservation (Van Hoeven 2012). IKEA utilizes a Sustainability Product Score card to help classify its home furnishing range and help the company move towards more sustainable product development. It serves as a guide in improving products based on 11 criteria that have an impact on a product’s sustainability profile during its life-cycle. The results of the scorecard are displayed in individual product labels (IKEA 2011a). Table 3. IKEA KPI – Customers IKEA integrates sustainability in every stage of the value chain. The company is creating and securing sustainable processes for: (a) Product development and sourcing of raw materials of home furnishings and food products; (b) Production and distribution; (c) Stores and shopping centres; and (d) Product end-of-life (IKEA 2011b). In terms of its procurement policy, IKEA has two important focus points: (Van Hoeven 2012) Increasing the sustainability its of supplier base The IKEA IWAY code of conduct is required to be followed by all suppliers. IKEA auditors regularly visit suppliers to ensure that they comply with IWAY criteria. These visits are either announced or unannounced and each supplier is visited at least twice a year. The Compliance and Monitoring Group is responsible for ensuring that the audit criteria are implemented worldwide. Increasing the use of sustainable raw materials. IKEA is taking up leadership in the stewardship of sustainable wood and cotton and the company is adapting their procurement and sourcing functions as necessary. Issues and challenges for organisations in developing a Sustainable Procurement Policy Sustainable procurement in the business setting requires a high degree of cooperation and commitment among all members of the supply chain. Additionally, the ‘lack of understanding of sustainability within business, coupled with poor training and accountability are significant barriers to building supplier capacity’ (Kennard 2006, p.1). Many businesses have developed tools and techniques to support this cooperation and commitment, as well as to instil sustainability accountability in the organisation. Training is very important in fostering a culture of sustainability within an organisation. All parties in the supply chain should be given adequate training regarding the importance and benefits of practicing sustainability. Moreover, the shifting of organisational and supply chain processes into a more sustainable way requires a lot of preparation and education (CIPS 2012). Ethical core values should also be incorporated in the sustainable procurement policies and procedures for contractors and suppliers. Transparency is essential in order to support the organisation’s ability in implementing and ensuring that the policies have been followed. Sustainable procurement policies should include environmental protection, safeguarding the organisation against corruption, respect and consideration for people, and zero-accident tolerance in safety and health issues (Kennard 2006). The transition to sustainable procurement is not an easy task. There are various product certifications, data, labels, and other documentations that make compliance to sustainability initiatives a big challenge. As such, it can be very difficult to synthesize the loads of data regarding a product’s sustainability attributes and evaluate it as sustainably compliant. Additionally, procurement professionals have another challenge – how to integrate these sustainability criteria into purchasing decisions, while also taking into account traditional considerations such as cost, quality, and delivery. More importantly, the biggest challenge is how to roll out the company’s sustainable procurement policy to the thousands of products that it purchases (Suarez 2012). The road to sustainable procurement can be daunting but organisations can start on the right path by aligning their sustainable procurement policy/approach with the company’s overall CSR initiatives and business priorities. Suarez (2012) recommends the following strategy for companies, which are in the beginning phase of their sustainable procurement policy: ‘By understanding how they define a product’s sustainability, companies can prioritize their efforts to reduce the impacts of the products they purchase and align their process with broader corporate sustainability goals. Looking at the full life-cycle of a product, they can focus on the highest impact areas, or hotspots, that overlap with their own commitments to sustainability’ (sec.2). It is also important for companies to consider and involve in the creation of a sustainable procurement policy other internal stakeholders who may not be directly part of the procurement process. For instance, departments such as marketing, product design, and operations/facilities may have significant influence on product specifications and these in turn can influence procurement decisions. The company should involve these individuals in considering sustainability impacts. It is recommended that a company engage in integrated sustainability procurement efforts in order to ensure that relevant people are involved in the process and sustainability is achieved (Suarez 2012). According to Copeland (2012), companies that want to be sustainable due to a passion for being green can only take it to a certain extent. Unless the board and shareholders support their sustainability objectives, they won’t be successful. However, getting the board and shareholders to support a sustainable procurement policy may not be that easy. To address this, the company needs to understand why it makes business sense to be sustainable. In order for the board to support the sustainable procurement policy, it is important to understand the whole life costing of the products being procured. This includes thinking about not just the purchase and usage cost, but also the cost of disposal. Sustainable procurement should also add to the value of the company’s existing products. The product should be improved in some way by the use of sustainable materials, rather than just being sustainable for the sake of being green (Copeland 2012). Procurement professionals should be championing sustainability objectives at the board level to help their organisation to thrive (Van Hoeven 2012). Implementation and Monitoring issues for Sustainable Procurement Implementation and monitoring a sustainable procurement policy is faced with many challenges. This is mainly due to the fact that implementing sustainable procurement means changing policies and procedures and fostering a new mindset and culture to the organisation’s management and employees. Undoubtedly, there will be resistance to such changes. A study by Meehan Bryde (2010) found that although some companies have sustainability objectives included in their corporate mission statements and despite external and internal pressures to embed sustainability; these have not translated into widespread practice of sustainable procurement in their organisations. This indicates that some organisations suffer from inertia in terms of their sustainability initiatives. To neutralise inertia and spur the organisation into action, the authors recommends several strategies: (a) Take experiences from other areas that emphasise the importance of inter-organisational relationships; (b) Develop a small number of sustainable development indicators for procurement and use more advanced environmental practices as examples to demonstrate how these elements have socio-economic impacts; and (c) Instead of just focusing on the pressures and drivers of sustainability, emphasise the triggers to overcome inaction and lead changes in behaviour amongst p rocurement staff. One of the issues in implementing a sustainable procurement policy is the lack of leadership and commitment (Kennard 2006). The organisation needs to elect sustainability champions who will lead in transitioning the company’s policies and processes. Without these leaders, there will be no one to drive the organisation’s sustainability efforts. These leaders should be held accountable for failure to meet the required standards. Alternatively, the organisation could set up a working group or steering committee, comprised of people from different departments, to help find the most effective ways to implement the sustainable procurement policy (Sustainable Procurement Resource Centre 2012). In monitoring the compliance to and effectiveness of a sustainable procurement policy, one critical area that may pose challenges to the organisation is the setting of measurements or KPIs (key performance indicators). The organisation should set how it is going to measure its progress and the impact of the sustainable procurement policy on its supply chain (Copeland 2012). According to Wilkinson Kirkup (2009), ‘Process KPIs can help to demonstrate an organisation’s intent to external organisations, whilst also helping the organisation track the implementation of policies’ (p.24). To avoid confusion and make it easier for employees to adapt, the company should not use a different measuring system than the one it normally uses. New information should be built into existing supplier scorecards and relationship management systems. There should be a seamless integration into the old measurement system so that the business runs as usual despite the changes (Copeland 2012). Another issue in monitoring is compliance. There is the possibility that suppliers will fail to comply with the sustainable procurement policy when the company does not follow up on compliance. As such, organisations should also conduct regular audits to ensure compliance. The performance of suppliers and other members of the supply chain must be regularly monitored to check for adherence to the organisation’s sustainable procurement policies (Wilkinson Kirkup 2009). Conclusions and Recommendations Implementing a sustainable procurement policy has positive final results for a business organisation. It can help to cut costs; increase product sale price, due to the perceived added value from procuring sustainably; and attract more customers through an improved brand reputation or company image (Copeland 2012). Moreover, according to the ICLEI (2012, p.1), a procurement policy that effectively incorporates sustainability can: (a) Reduce environmental impacts; (b) Drive social improvements; and (c) Achieve financial efficiency. These benefits are the main drivers which compel business organisations to engage in sustainable procurement. In evaluating the case studies of two multi-national companies, AkzoNobel and IKEA, it was found that in order for sustainable procurement to succeed, it must be integrated into all aspects of the business from management, operations, and supply chain. Both AkzoNobel and IKEA are leaders in sustainability in their fields because they have successfully embedded a sustainable culture into their businesses. They employ frameworks, principles, and KPIs to help them implement and monitor their sustainability achievements. They have very specific sustainability goals and they regularly audit the performance of different business units, especially in the supply chain, to ensure compliance with the company’s sustainable procurement policies. There are several issues and challenges to developing a sustainable procurement policy. These include: (a) The need for a high degree of collaboration and engagement among members of the supply chain; (b) Lack of understanding about sustainability; (b) Lack of accountability; (c) Poor training; (d) Difficulties in synthesizing loads of sustainability information; (e) Problems with integrating sustainability criteria into purchasing decisions; and (f) Lack of support from the board. There are also challenges in the implementation and monitoring of sustainable procurement policies. These include: (a) Failure to put into action the objectives set forth in the sustainability agenda; (b) Lack of leadership in commitment; (c) Difficulties in setting the measurement tool or KPIs; and (d) Problems in monitoring compliance. Taking into consideration the above challenges and issues, this paper recommends that developing a sustainable procurement policy should include the following: (Kennard 2006; Wilkinson Kirkup 2009) Make the organisation’s members aware of the importance of having a sustainable procurement strategy Train and guide internal and external members of the organisation and supply chain Develop links with other organisations and peer groups to learn from their experiences Develop a standard approach to measuring strategic outcomes Develop operational systems and procedures that are integrated with sustainability measurements and put these into practice in day-to-day procurement and monitoring activities References Achilles UK. (2008). Achilles congratulate ProcureCon 2008 Sustainability Award Winners. Available: http://www.achilles.com/en/uk/news/Achilles-congratulate-ProcureCon-2008-Sustainability-Award-Winners/. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. AkzoNobel. (2012). AkzoNobel Corporate. Available: http://www.akzonobel.com/aboutus/akzonobel_at_a_glance/. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. Chartered Institute of Purchasing Supply (CIPS). (2012). Sustainable Procurement Review. Available: http://www.cips.org/products-services/Sustainable-procurement-review/. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. Copeland, E. (2012). Sustainable procurement makes good business sense. Available: http://www.supplychaindigital.com/procurement/sustainable-procurement-makes-good-business-sense. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. Dow Jones. (2012). Dow Jones Sustainability Index 2012 Review Results. Available: http://www.sustainability-indexes.com/images/review-presentation-2012_tcm1071-343085.pdf. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. IKEA. (2011a). The IKEA Group approach to sustainability. Available: http://www.ikea.com/ms/en_US/about_ikea/pdf/group_approach_sustainability_fy11.pdf. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. IKEA. (2011b). Sustainability Report 2011. Available: http://www.ikea.com/ms/en_US/about_ikea/pdf/sustainability_report_fy11.pdf. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. IKEA. (2012). The IKEA Concept. Available: http://franchisor.ikea.com/concept.html. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI). (2012). Sustainable Procurement. Available: http://www.iclei-europe.org/topics/sustainable-procurement. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. Kennard, M. (2006). Sustainable Procurement. Available: http://www.fig.net/pub/fig2006/papers/ts08/ts08_03_kennard_0843.pdf. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. Meehan, J Bryde, D. (2011). Sustainable Procurement Practice. Business Strategy and the Environment. 20 (2), p94-106. OPITO. (2012). The importance of sustainable purchasing and supply: An OPITO Case Study. Available: http://businesscasestudies.co.uk/opito/the-importance-of-sustainable-purchasing-and-supply/sustainable-procurement.html#axzz2EvE3MaUV. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. Price Waterhouse Coopers, EcoVadis INSEAD. (2010). Value of Sustainable Procurement Practices. Available: http://www.pwc.com/en_GX/gx/operations-consulting-services/pdf/value-sustainable-procurement-practices.pdf. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. Suarez, C. (2012). Going from What to How in Procurement. Available: http://www.bsr.org/en/our-insights/bsr-insight-article/going-from-what-to-how-in-sustainable-procurement/. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. United Nations (UN). (2010). What is Sustainable Procurement. Available: https://www.ungm.org/sustainableprocurement/default.aspx. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. Sustainable Procurement Resource Centre. (2012). Sustainable Public Procurement. Available: http://www.sustainable-procurement.org/about-spp/. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. Walker, H, Gough, S, Bakker, E, Knight, L McBain, D. (2009). Greening Operations Management An Online Sustainable Procurement Course for Practitioners. Journal of Management Education. 33 (3), p348-371. Wilkinson, A Kirkup, B. (2009). Measurement of Sustainable Procurement. Available: http://www.adamwilkinson.com/documents/measuring%20SP%20report%20release.pdf. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. How to cite Developing a Sustainable Procurement Policy, Essay examples

A Critique On Professional Aspects Of Registered Nurses - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Critique On Professional Aspects Of Registered Nurses. Answer: Clinical Governance: There are various approaches made to increase consumers participation in the health care systems. The consumers are defined as the people who do avail the services provided within the scope of the installed infrastructure and policies of a health sector enterprise with investment of their valued resources. The most effective method to increase the participation extent on the part of the consumers is through educating them via training and learning sessions (Goldsmith Piscopo, 2014). Training, education and learning are three intermingling areas that overlap each other in delivering complete effectiveness. The term teaching incites different perceptions among different people. The term teachers poses a picture of an authoritative individual beaming in the glory of knowledge to some while some do recall an elegant experience of having company of an enigmatic individual. The term training is more goals oriented and emphasizes on learning of particular set of skills which have direct im plementation in applications. Education is the achievement of these combined processes which enables an individual to upgrade his or her perspective to perceive a particular topic and deal with it accordingly (Wilson, 2014). Effective education and training can help in increasing the participation by the consumers. This endeavor generates the prospect of adults to be a learner and use some key aspects of this learning in decision making regarding their own health care ventures. This education model is scientific and authentic which therefore has obtained it a model name called Mindmap for Education Learning and Training Model (Pudelko et al., 2012). It reveals various facets of effective training and education programs in ascertaining increased participation by consumers in health sector. The model gives a consent that collaborative learning environment among adult patients and families is challenging and comparatively new in health care domain and can be encouraged upon seeing the fruitful result of such educating process. This model also gives an insight in the balancing of power and freedom on the part of the parties taking part in health care services. Consumer participation can be increased through proper grievance and riddles addressal. This increases the willingness and trust factor of the consumers to be involved with the concerned organization to serve their individualistic interests. Organizations need to implement surveys; acceptance mechanism of feedbacks; meeting consumer complaints with priority and addressing freedom of information requests (Savage Hyde, 2014). Consumer feedbacks can also be introduced in developing the information resources and strategies to communicate with patient parties, families and assistance seekers (Oliver et al., 2014). My Experience: I can increase the participation of the consumer in making the treatment plan upon informing the patient with relevant information relating to his or her condition and thereby asking his or her opinion and suitability in accordance with the proposed treatment plan. The implementation process may require educating and making patient aware about merits and demerits of each step in the treatment regime and thereby encourage in participating following the course of the treatment accurately. The evaluation process may include inclusion of more specific information about the sickness in diagnosis from patients end and empowering patient with the information of available diagnostic and curative or preventive methods. National Safety and Quality Health Service Standard There are ten standards all total present within the scope of National Safety and Quality Health Service. These standards include governing of quality and safety in organizations working in health sector; making partnership with patients, prevention and regulation of infections among patients; safety in terms of medication; identification of patients and ordaining treatment procedure; clinical handover; guidelines pertaining to blood transfusion; management of pressure wounds; addressing acute health conditions and prevention of additional injuries like falling down among elderly patients (Safetyandquality.gov.au, 2017). The pertinent guideline that is to be delved in within the scope of this text is the norm dealing with the prevention and regulation of infections among patients. There are several outcomes related to it if the best practice is not met. The possible outcomes include aggravation of the present condition of the patient; further onset of secondary opportunistic infectio n by opportunistic pathogens; complication of symptoms; generation of need of different diagnostic procedure and associated treatment plan and in extreme cases the patient might die due to lack in meeting this standard. Infection causing organisms do evolve with passing time span and this poses a great challenge to infection prevention and treatment (Hossain et al., 2013). The gram negative organisms change their o-side chains in order to be viable as infectious agents. The organisms get resistant to most prevalent antibiotics due to over exposure to them. These organisms may include Methicillin resistant Staphyllococcus aureus and Vancomycin resistant enterococci (Gruenheid Moual, 2012). There will be patients in close proximity in Australian settings of health care and these patients might undergo operative procedures. Some patients might get administered medicine with attached set up of infrastructure and some might get immunosuppressive medicine or broad spectrum of antibiotics. These situations describe the significance in maintaining awareness regarding infections and their pervasive prevalence in Australian health care system. Each year many patients get diagnosed with nosocomial infections and other hospital ward infections in Australia and some of these infections require more powerful medication along with complication of pre-existing condit ions. The asserted steps in regulating infections include infection assessment and prevention strategies, managing patients with infection, antimicrobial stewardship, disinfection and sterilization procedure and communication with patient (Runciman et al., 2012). My Experience: I as a nurse can be more cautious during sterilization procedure of hospital instrument via processes like autoclaving, ethylene oxide administration or ethanol washing to avert infections of patients. I can therefore plan a suitable antimicrobial care procedure in collaboration with physician to alleviate the burden of infection on the patient after analyzing the vital signs of the patient. Inventory on Leadership traits among Nurses: Leadership qualities among nurses can be a helpful tool to empower health care services. Their leadership role examples can be found in government organizations distributed among array of levels including participation in steering committees (Doody Doody, 2012). These roles can impart tremendous experience and understanding of changing demands of health care system. Nurses have a clear view of how political, social and economical factors shape the health care world and the respective needs of the consumers coming from varying background in terms of cultural aspect and ethnic backdrop of individuals in Australia. Their professional role also enables them to have an insight in the effectiveness of various services being provided by several health care service providers groups. Registered nurses do develop a strong aptitude to identify the possible challenges and enablers in making a particular care giving system effective and efficient in Australian health community (Hutchinson Jacks on, 2013). Hence, nurse leaders are approached not only to ponder on thenursing activities within the organizations but they are usually asked to give their consideration on achieving suitable patient care that would be the ultimate goal of any patient care facility. Nurse leaders play crucial roles in many areas of leadership and whistle blowing initiatives that include patient centered value driven care system and clinical perspective to add to the national database about the strategic direction and progress of indigenous health sector (Brunetto et al., 2013). Leaders after achieving this level are expected to understand the necessary changes that will be required to put a reform into work. Nurses do play an important role at this level of leadership in shaping the overall strategies of the entire organization as well as they provide their professional clinical support on the daily basis. The instances of registered nurse leadership are most prevalent in organizations where formal structuring is well maintained and in these organizations nurses are rendered executive roles as well. They are usually offered designations like chiefnursing officers or directors ofnursing facilities. The critical analysis suggests that nurse leaders being equipped with relevant clinical knowledge and management skills play one of the major roles in structuring the quality service to be rendered and the business opportunity as well as humanitarian aspect of the health care organizations (Dignam et al., 2012). My Experience: I do highlight on the strategies of management of patients grievances and proper resolution of the riddle in order to make the treatment experience better for the patient. The strategy to achieve this goal includes taking proper feedback from the patient using a preordained indent of query statements in survey forms. The authenticities of these feedbacks are to be checked and the necessary actions are to be taken up wherever felt necessary. Suitable assessment and evaluation processes should be present there to ascertain the impact of these corrective steps on the overall growth of the organization. Learning Culture and Professional Development: There have been various researches in past decades about incorporating learning prospects in working field while working in firsthand experience in health care sector. This enables the worker to gather different social and professional experiences pertaining to the ordained task in the respective designation (Taylor Cranton, 2012). The learning and participation in the work are to be viewed as reciprocal and complementary processes to each other in order to generate quality work force within the organization. The notion of relational dependence in between the decision calls made in the professional work and the conventional practice in the sector is of prime importance in this regard as room for improvisation is left here which can be best possibly devised upon possessing good professional learning outcomes. A good practice can be therefore further included in conventional approaches. Work place learning is usually termed as informal process as it comes as a byproduct of the imparti ng service process. This individualistic learning approach requires confidence and belief and depends on the willingness and earnestness of concerned individual regarding his or her workplace responsibilities. This is especially applicable in regard of the challenging professional fields like that of registered nurses in Australia. The agenda of work place activities and associated learning can be well addressed via well structured curriculum in this scenario as per some schools of thoughts (Adamson Dewar, 2015). This curriculum will provide direct and indirect support to nurses in learning activities while working in health care sectors concising their approach making it more goals oriented. The work place administration should encourage in activities which increase both the theoretical and practical knowledge of the registered nurses. There are three aspects associated with the work culture that encourages work place learning. These angles include participation in community work; engagement in interpersonal relationship and access to important knowledge resources. Discrepancies in abilities among the nurses show that nurses acquire more learning objectives and favorable outcomes upon being assigned to particular critical job assignments which have scopes to learn. This in turn imposes an effect on the development and growth of nurse individuals as a professional and in humanitarian values (Zuber-Skerritt Teare, 2013). My Experience: I would preferably design strategies to understand how lack of clinical knowledge and cultural disposition affect treatment care and the ways to overcome these barriers. I would emphasize on workplace learning of various cultural considerations of the patients and their predispositions to certain beliefs. How these beliefs can be assimilated with the perspectives of the ordained treatment plan would be my major goal in dealing with the patient. I would like to educate patient more on the clinical condition and possible resolving process. This prime knowledge not only makes the experience of the patient in availing a health care system better but also enables the patient to actively take part in the treatment procedure upon highlighting on critical steps in the treatment plan as per his or her considerations. Role ambiguity and stress on registered nurses: Nurses do undergo various instances of role ambiguities during their service period in medical support giving centers and these scenarios produce potential stress factors to them. This particular phenomenon is more perceived in situations where nurses get promoted to case manager designation from normalnursing phase. Four major areas associated with it come in to focus in this regard. These areas include professional image, interpersonal relationship, time bound service and business perspective of the organization. The interpersonal relationships in this regard with respect to patients and as well as intra and inter department relationships among professionals play a major role in the service. The conflict arises while working in this domain is the coercion in between the business policy of the concerned organization and the basic need of the patient being prominent after a detailed conversation. This in turn can pose stress factors reducing professional satisfaction and self confide nce (Lu et al., 2012). The conflict becomes more severe in cases when a nurse has been promoted as a case manager without proper prior training. The concerned individual in this situation does not become aware of the plausible job responsibilities and hence the inner dilemmas get increased. This ethical issue in choosing between interests of the employer and consumer becomes more cumbersome in situations where euthanasia is in question or has been approached. They need to be given appropriate inputs on balancing in case management, chalking out viable options, identifying vulnerable individuals and sense of responsibility without sense of authority. There can be various approaches that might deal with workplace stresses of registered nurses. Stress is usually considered as a physical response which begets from psychological strain of some manner. Small amount of stress is useful and beneficial in some contexts while major sources of stress can do havoc in ones life. It also plays an important role in eleva ting and decreasing the motivational level among individuals (Happell et al., 2013). My Experience: I would personally prefer to implement two stress buster processes as a solution to the work place stress due to some operational dilemma among registered nurses. One method is keeping a personal notebook and noting down all occupational conflicts or controversial points and concerned development along with personal perspective regarding that. This is a methodical approach and by doing this the consistent revolving pattern of stressful thoughts gets blocked. Another approach to reduce workplace stress is to keep the moral conscience at the balanced level. One registered nurse has to keep in mind always that the service being provided is always from a professional point of views and not personal. Thus some critical aspects of moral inclination and decision making dangling between patient interest and institutional policies subject to analysis can be exempted in regard of a registered nurses job role when the balancing factor and organizational regulations come into picture. References: Adamson, E., Dewar, B. (2015). Compassionate Care: Student nurses' learning through reflection and the use of story.Nurse education in practice,15(3), 155-161. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1471595314001164 Brunetto, Y., Xerri, M., Shriberg, A., Farr?Wharton, R., Shacklock, K., Newman, S., Dienger, J. (2013). The impact of workplace relationships on engagement, well?being, commitment and turnover for nurses in Australia and the USA.Journal of Advanced Nursing,69(12), 2786-2799. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jan.12165/full Dignam, D., Duffield, C., Stasa, H., Gray, J., Jackson, D., Daly, J. (2012). Management and leadership in nursing: an Australian educational perspective.Journal of nursing management,20(1), 65-71. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2834.2011.01340.x/full Doody, O., Doody, C. M. (2012). Transformational leadership in nursing practice. https://ulir.ul.ie/handle/10344/2782 Goldsmith, E. B., Piscopo, S. (2014). Advances in consumer education: European initiatives.International Journal of Consumer Studies,38(1), 52-61. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ijcs.12063/full Gruenheid, S., Moual, H. (2012). Resistance to antimicrobial peptides in Gram?negative bacteria.FEMS microbiology letters,330(2), 81-89. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2012.02528.x/full Happell, B., Dwyer, T., Reid?Searl, K., Burke, K. J., Caperchione, C. M., Gaskin, C. J. (2013). Nurses and stress: recognizing causes and seeking solutions.Journal of nursing management,21(4), 638-647. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jonm.12037/full Hossain, M. S., Rahman, N. N. N. A., Balakrishnan, V., Puvanesuaran, V. R., Sarker, M. Z. I., Kadir, M. O. A. (2013). Infectious risk assessment of unsafe handling practices and management of clinical solid waste.International journal of environmental research and public health,10(2), 556-567. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/10/2/556/htm Hutchinson, M., Jackson, D. (2013). Transformational leadership in nursing: towards a more critical interpretation.Nursing inquiry,20(1), 11-22. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nin.12006/full Lu, H., Barriball, K. L., Zhang, X., While, A. E. (2012). Job satisfaction among hospital nurses revisited: a systematic review.International journal of nursing studies,49(8), 1017-1038. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020748911004536 Oliver, K., Innvar, S., Lorenc, T., Woodman, J., Thomas, J. (2014). A systematic review of barriers to and facilitators of the use of evidence by policymakers.BMC health services research,14(1), 2. https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6963-14-2 Pudelko, B., Young, M., Vincent?Lamarre, P., Charlin, B. (2012). Mapping as a learning strategy in health professions education: a critical analysis.Medical education,46(12), 1215-1225. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/medu.12032/full Runciman, W. B., Hunt, T. D., Hannaford, N. A., Hibbert, P. D., Westbrook, J. I., Coiera, E. W., ... Braithwaite, J. (2012). CareTrack: assessing the appropriateness of health care delivery in Australia.The Medical Journal of Australia,197(2), 100-105. https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2012/197/2/caretrack-assessing-appropriateness-health-care-delivery-australia?0=ip_login_no_cache%3Ddf4fbb8c07b4fb75247f37de7be8a216 Safetyandquality.gov.au. (2017). Retrieved 11 September 2017, from https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/NSQHS-Standards-Sept-2012.pdf Savage, A., Hyde, R. (2014). Using freedom of information requests to facilitate research.International Journal of Social Research Methodology,17(3), 303-317. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13645579.2012.742280 Taylor, E. W., Cranton, P. (2012).The handbook of transformative learning: Theory, research, and practice. John Wiley Sons. Edition: March 13, 2012. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=AyT2UTqOPBYCoi=fndpg=PT8dq=Taylor,+E.+W.,+%26+Cranton,+P.+(2012).+The+handbook+of+transformative+learning:+Theory,+research,+and+practice.+John+Wiley+%26+Sons.ots=oNq9pFKPJlsig=lieCO9oY1GrI58bJpQqn92Q4IFw#v=onepageq=Taylor%2C%20E.%20W.%2C%20%26%20Cranton%2C%20P.%20(2012).%20The%20handbook%20of%20transformative%20learning%3A%20Theory%2C%20research%2C%20and%20practice.%20John%20Wiley%20%26%20Sons.f=false Wilson, J. P. (2014). International human resource development: Learning, education and training for individuals and organisations.Development and Learning in Organizations,28(2). https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/full/10.1108/DLO-02-2014-0010 Zuber-Skerritt, O., Teare, R. (Eds.). (2013).Lifelong action learning for community development: Learning and development for a better world. Springer Science Business Media. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-6209-389-8_1